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|seats2_title = Senate |seats2 = |seats3_title = European Parliament |seats3 = |colours = Red |website = |country = Italy }} The Communist Refoundation Party ((イタリア語:Partito della Rifondazione Comunista), PRC) is a communist party in Italy. The party participates in the Party of the European Left (of which Fausto Bertinotti, a former PRC leader, was the first president). Its member in the European Parliament sits with the European United Left–Nordic Green Left (GUE/NGL) group. The party's current secretary is Paolo Ferrero, a former minister in Prodi II Cabinet. ==History== In 1991, when the Italian Communist Party (PCI), led by Achille Occhetto, became the Democratic Party of the Left (PDS), dissidents led by Armando Cossutta launched the PRC. In the same year Proletarian Democracy (DP), a far-left outfit, merged into the new party, which aimed to unite all Italian communists. The first secretary of the PRC was Sergio Garavini, who resigned in June 1993 and was replaced by Fausto Bertinotti, a trade unionist from the Italian General Confederation of Labour (CGIL) who had left the PDS only some months before. The leadership of Bertinotti was a turning point for the party, which jumped to 8.6% of vote in the 1996 general election, which the party fought in a loose alliance with The Olive Tree centre-left coalition. The PRC supported the Romano Prodi's first cabinet until 1998, when it turned to opposition and the government lost its majority in Parliament. However, this decision was divisive also in Bertinotti's camp, where a group of dissidents, led by party president Armando Cossutta, split and founded a rival communist outfit, the Party of Italian Communists (PdCI), which joined Massimo D'Alema's first cabinet. In October 2004 the PRC re-joined the centre-left coalition, again led by Prodi, and in April 2005 Nichi Vendola, an openly gay politician and one of the emerging leaders of the party, won a primary election and was elected President of traditionally conservative Apulia region. He was the only regional President ever belonging to the PRC. After the 2006 general election, in which centre-left The Union coalition won narrowly over the centre-right House of Freedoms, Bertinotti was elected President of the Chamber of Deputies and replaced by Franco Giordano as party secretary. The PRC joined the Prodi II Cabinet, which included Paolo Ferrero, a long-time PRC member, as Minister of Social Solidarity. The decision to participate in the centre-left coalition government and the party's decision to vote to refinance the Italian military presence in Afghanistan and send troops to Lebanon attracted criticism from other sections of the European far left and provoked the splits of many groups, notably the Communist Workers' Party, the Communist Alternative Party and Critical Left. In December 2007 the party participated in the creation of The Left – The Rainbow (SA) with the PdCI, the Federation of the Greens (FdV), and Democratic Left (SD). The electoral list was defeated in the 2008 general election, when it gained 3.1% of the vote (compared to 10.2% won by the composite parties individually two years before), and quickly disbanded. In April 2008 a group of former ''Bertinottiani'', composed primarily of former DP members skeptical of the SA alliance, led by Ferrero and Giovanni Russo Spena, allied with other minority factions and forced Giordano to resign. At the July congress the internal left-wing prevailed over ''Bertinottiani'' and Ferrero was elected secretary. He was supported by a bare majority (53%) of the party delegates, and the PRC remained divided around factional and regional lines with Vendola, the standard-bearer of ''Bertinottiani'', accusing northern delegates of having absorbed ''leghismo'' and stating that "it was the end of the party I knew".〔(Ferrero: «Più col popolo, meno in tv» Vendola: «Io, sconfitto da comunista» ) Corriere Della Sera.〕 In January 2009 the faction around Vendola and Giordano, silently supported by Bertinotti, decided to leave the party and transform their faction into a party under the name Movement for the Left (MpS). The goal of MpS was to form a new party with other left-wing groups.〔http://www.asca.it/news-PRC__SERVE_UNA_NUOVA_SINISTRA__VENDOLA_CONSUMA_LA_SCISSIONE_(IL_PUNTO)-804738-ORA-.html〕 This party became Left Ecology Freedom (SEL) in 2010. Some RpS members, including Augusto Rocchi, Giusto Catania, Milziade Caprili and Tommaso Sodano, chose to stay in the party〔(Prc, Vendola conferma l'addio nasce Rifondazione della sinistra - Politica - Repubblica.it )〕 and re-organised themselves as To the Left with Refoundation.〔http://www.asinistraconrifondazione.org/b/〕 After the split of RpS/MpS, the PRC formed a joint list known as Anticapitalist List with the PdCI, Socialism 2000 and United Consumers for the 2009 European Parliament election.〔(Pdci e Prc, lista unitaria il 6 giugno "Anticapitalisti, con la sinistra europea" - Politica - Repubblica.it )〕 The list received 3.4% of the vote and failed to return any MEPs. In December 2009 the List was transformed into Federation of the Left (FdS).〔(Per un nuovo inizio: costruiamo insieme la federazione della sinistra di alternativa | RadioRadicale.it )〕〔(Al via la nuova Federazione della sinistra )〕 The FdS held its first congress on 20–21 November 2010.〔(Comunisti riuniti - Affaritaliani.it )〕〔(federazionedellasinistra.com - federazionedellasinistra Resources and Information. This website is for sale! )〕 In the 2013 general election the PRC was part of the Civil Revolution coalition, which obtained 2.2% of the vote and no seats.〔(Elezioni 2014 )〕 In the 2014 European Parliament election the PRC was part of The Other Europe electoral list, with which it re-gained a seat. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Communist Refoundation Party」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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